BhG 8.2

adhi-yajñaḥ kathaṃ ko tra dehe smin madhusūdana
prayāṇa-kāle ca kathaṃ jñeyo si niyatātmabhiḥ

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syntax

he madusūdana (O slayer of Madhu!)
atra (here) adhi-yajñaḥ (the Supreme Sacrifice) kaḥ (who).
asmin dehe (in this body) saḥ katham [asti] (how is he?).
prayāṇa-kāle ca (and at the time of death) niyatātmabhiḥ (by those whose self is controlled) katham (how?) [tvam] jñeyaḥ (you to be known) asi (you are).

 

grammar

adhi-yajñaḥ adhi-yajña 1n.1 m. the Supreme Sacrifice (from: adhi – over, above; yaj – to consecrate, to sacrifice, to worship, yajña – sacrifice, worship);
katham av.how?, in what manner?
kaḥ kim sn. 1n.1 m.who?;
atra av.here;
dehe deha 7n.1 m.in the body (from: dih – to anoint, to smear);
asmin idam sn. 7n.1 m.in this;
madhusūdana madhu-sūdana 8n.1 m.O slayer of Madhu (from: madhu – sweet, name of a demon; sūd – to put in order, to kill, sūdana – killing, destroying);
prayāṇa-kāle prayāṇa-kāla 7n.1 m.; TP: prayāṇasya kāla itiat he end of time, at the time of death (from: pra-– to depart, prayāṇa – departure, journey, death; kal – to count, kāla – time);
ca av.and;
katham av.how?, in what manner?
jñeyaḥ jñeya (jñā – to know, to understand) PF 1n.1 m.to be known, to be learnt;
asi as (to be) Praes. P 2v.1you are;
niyatātmabhiḥ niyata-ātman 3n.3 m.; BV: yeṣām ātmā niyato ‘sti taiḥby those whose self is controlled (from: ni-yam – to hold back, PP niyata – held back; ātman – self);

 

textual variants

adhi-yajñaḥ → ādhi-yajñaḥ (the Supreme Sacrifice);
adhi-yajñaḥ kathaṁ ko traadhi-yajñaś ca kas tatra (and who is here the Supreme Sacrifice?);
prayāṇa-kāle ca → prayāṇa-kāle ‘pi (although at the time of death);

 
 



Śāṃkara


te brahma tad viduḥ kṛtsnam ity ādinā bhagavatārjunasya praśna-bījāni upadiṣṭani | atas tat-praśnārtham arjuna uvāca—

 

Rāmānuja


jarāmaraṇamokṣāya bhagavantam āśritya yatamānānāṃ jñātavyatayoktaṃ tad brahma adhyātmaṃ ca kim iti vaktavyam / aiśvaryārthīnāṃ jñātavyam adhibhūtam adhidaivaṃ ca kim? trayāṇāṃ jñātavyo ‚dhiyajñaśabdanirdiṣṭaś ca kaḥ? tasya cādhiyajñabhāvaḥ katham? prayāṇakāle ca ebhis tribhir niyatātmabhiḥ kathaṃ jñeyo ‚si?

 

Śrīdhara


kiṃ ca – adhiyajña iti | atra dehe you yajño nivartate tasmin ko ‚dhiyajño ‚dhiṣṭhātā | prayojakaḥ phala-dātā ca ka ity arthaḥ | svarūpaṃ pṛṣṭvādhiṣṭhāna-prakāraṃ pṛcchati – kathaṃ kena prakāreṇāsāv asmin dehe sthito yajñam adhitiṣṭhantīty arthaḥ | yajña-grahaṇaṃ sarva-karmaṇām upalakṣaṇārtham | anta-kāle ca niyata-cittaiḥ puruṣaiḥ kathaṃ kenopāyena jñeyo ‚si

 

Madhusūdana


adhiyajño yajñam adhigato devatātmā vā para-brahma vā | sa ca kathaṃ kena prakāreṇa cintanīyaḥ | kiṃ tādātmyena kiṃ vātyantābhedena | sarvathāpi sa kim asmin dehe vartate tato bahir vā | dehe cet sa ko ‚tra buddhyādis tad-vyatirikto vā | adhiyajñaḥ kathaṃ ko ‚treti na praśna-dvayam | kintu saprakāra eka eva praśna iti draṣṭavyam | parama-kāruṇikatvād āyāsenāpi sarvopadrava-nivārakasya bhagavato ‚nāyāsena mat-sanehopadrava-nivāraṇam īṣatkaram ucitam eveti sūcayan sambodhayati he madhusūdaneti

 

Viśvanātha


pūrvādhyāyānte brahmādi-sapta-padārthānāṃ jñānaṃ bhagavatoktam | atra teṣāṃ tattvaṃ jijñāsuḥ pṛcchati dvābhyām | atra dehe ko ‚dhiyajño yajñādhiṣṭhātā, sa cāsmin dehe kathaṃ jñeya ity uttarasyānusaṅgī

 

Baladeva


adhiyajñaḥ ka iti yajñam adhigata indrādir vā viṣṇur vā sa iti | katham iti tasyādhiyajña-bhāvaḥ katham ity arthaḥ | etat sarvaṃ mat-sandeha-nivāraṇaṃ taveṣatkaram iti bodhayituṃ sambodhanaṃ – he madhusūdaneti | prayāṇeti tadā sarvendriya-vyagratayā citta-samādhānāsmabhavād iti bhāvaḥ

 
 



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