BhG 5.15

nādatte kasya-cit pāpaṃ na caiva sukṛtaṃ vibhuḥ
ajñānenāvṛtaṃ jñānaṃ tena muhyanti jantavaḥ

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syntax


vibhuḥ (rulery) kasya-cit (of no one’s) pāpam (sin) sukṛtam vā (either virtue) na eva ādatte (indeed he does not take).
ajñānena (by ignorance) jñānam (knowledge) āvṛtam (covered) [asti] (it is),
tena (therefore) jantavaḥ (people) muhyanti (they are bewildered).

 

grammar

na av.not;
ādatte ā- (to take, to get back) Praes. Ā 1v.1he takes;
kasya-cit kim-cit sn. 6n.1 m.of someone (from: kim – what?; -cit – indefinitive particle);
pāpam pāpa 2n.1 n.evil, sin;
na av.not;
ca av.and;
eva av.certainly, just, merely;
sukṛtam sukṛta 2n.1 n.well done, merit, benefit, virtue, fortune (from: kṛ – to do, PP kṛta – done, made; su – prefix: good, excellent, beautiful, virtuous);
vibhuḥ vi-bhu 1n.1 m.mighty, powerful, ruler, lord (from: vi- – prefix: to divide, in different directions; bhū – to be);
ajñānena a-jñāna 3n.1 n.by ignorance (from: jñā – to know, to understand);
āvṛtam ā-vṛta (ā-vṛ – to cover) PP 2n.1 n.covered;
jñānam jñāna 2n.1 n.knowledge, wisdom (from: jñā – to know, to understand);
tena tat sn. 3n.1 m.by that, for that reason;
muhyanti muh (to become confused, bewildered, stupefied) Praes. P 1v.3they are bewildered, they are confused;
jantavaḥ jantu 1n.3 m.creatures, people (from: jan – to be born);

 

textual variants


na caivana caivaṁ (and not thus);
vibhuḥ → prabhuḥ / vibho (powerful / O ruler!);
 
 



Śāṃkara


paramārthatas tu—

nādatte na ca gṛhṇāti bhaktasyāpi kasyacit pāpam | na caivādatte sukṛtaṃ bhaktaiḥ prayuktaṃ vibhuḥ | kim-arthaṃ tarhi bhaktaiḥ pūjādi-lakṣaṇaṃ yāga-dāna-homādikaṃ ca sukṛtaṃ prayujyate ity āha—ajñānenāvṛtaṃ jñānaṃ viveka-vijñānam, tena muhyanti karomi kārayāmi bhokṣye bhojayāmīty evaṃ mohaṃ gacchanty avivekinaḥ saṃsāriṇo jantavaḥ

 

Rāmānuja


kasyacit svasaṃbandhitayābhimatasya putrādeḥ pāpaṃ duḥkhaṃ nādatte nāpanudati / kasyacit pratikūlatayābhimatasya sukṛtaṃ sukhaṃ ca nādatte nāpanudati / yato ‚yaṃ vibhuḥ; na kvācitkaḥ, na devādidehādyasādhāraṇadeśaḥ, ata eva na kasyacit saṃbandhī, na kasyacit pratikūlaś ca / sarvam idaṃ vāsanākṛtam / evaṃsvabhāvasya katham iyaṃ viparītavāsanā utpadyate? ajñānenāvṛtaṃ jñānam jñānavirodhinā pūrvapūrvakarmaṇā svaphalānubhavayogyatvāya asya jñānam āvṛtaṃ saṃkucitam / tena jñānāvaraṇarūpeṇa karmaṇā devādidehasaṃyogas tattadātmābhimānarūpamohaś ca jāyate / tataś ca tathāvidhātmābhimānavāsanā, taducitakarmavāsanā ca; vāsanāto viparītātmābhimānaḥ, karmārambhaś copapadyate

 

Śrīdhara


yasmād evaṃ tasmāt nādatta iti | prayojako ‚pi san prabhuḥ kasyacit pāpaṃ sukṛtaṃ ca naivādatte na bhajate | tatra hetuḥ – vibhuḥ paripūrṇaḥ | āpta-kāma ity arthaḥ | yadi hi svārtha-kāmanayā kārayet tarhi tathā syāt | na tv etad asti | āpta-kāmasyaivācintya-nija-māyayā tat-tat-pūrva-karmānusāreṇa pravartakatvāt |

nanu bhaktān anugṛhṇato ‚bhaktān nigṛhṇataś ca vaiṣamyopalambhāt katham āpta-kāmatvam iti ? ata āha ajñāneneti | nigraho ‚pi daṇḍa-rūpo ‚nugraha eveti | evam ajñānena sarvatra samaḥ parameśvara ity evaṃbhūtaṃ jñānam āvṛtam | tena hetunā jantavo jīvā muhyanti | bhagavati vaiṣamyaṃ manyanta ity arthaḥ

 

Madhusūdana


nanv īśvaraḥ kārayitā jīvaḥ kartā, tathā ca śrutiḥ – eṣa u hy eva sādhu karma kārayati taṃ yam unninīyate | eṣa u evāsādhu karma kārayati taṃ yam adho ninīṣate ity ādiḥ | smṛtiś ca –

ajño jantur anīśo ‚yam ātmanaḥ sukha-duḥkhayoḥ |
īśvara-prerito gacchet svargaṃ vāśvabhram eva ca || iti |

tathā ca jīveśvarayoḥ kartṛtva-kārayitṛtvābhyāṃ bhoktṛtva-bhojayitṛtvābhyāṃ ca pāpa-puṇya-lepa-sambhavāt katham uktaṃ svabhāvas tu pravartata iti tatrāha nādatta iti | paramārthataḥ vibhuḥ parameśvaraḥ kasyacit jīvasya pāpaṃ sukṛtaṃ ca naivādatte paramārthato jīvasya kartṛtvābhāvāt parameśvarasya ca kārayitṛtvābhāvāt | kathaṃ tarhi śrutiḥ smṛtir loka-vyavahāraś ca tatrāha ajñānenāvaraṇa-vikṣepā-śaktimatā māyākhyenānṛtena tamasāvṛtam ācchāditaṃ jñānaṃ jīveśvara-jagad-bheda-bhramādhiṣṭhāna-bhūtaṃ nityaṃ sva-prakāśaṃ sac-cid-ānanda-rūpam advitīyaṃ paramārtha-satyaṃ, tena svarūpāvaraṇena muhyanti pramātṛ-prameya-pramāṇa-kartṛ-karma-karaṇa-bhoktṛ-bhogya-bhogākhya-nava-vidha-saṃsāra-rūpaṃ moham atasmiṃs tad-avabhāsa-rūpaṃ vikṣepaṃ gacchanti jantavo janana-śīlāḥ saṃsāriṇo vastu-svarūpādarśinaḥ | akartr-abhoktṛ-paramānandādvitīyātma-svarūpādarśana-nibandhano ‚yaṃ jīveśvara-jagad-bheda-bhramaḥ pratīyamāno vartate mūḍhānām | tasyāṃ cāvasthāyāṃ mūḍha-pratyayānuvādinyāv ete śruti-smṛtī vāstavādvaita-bodhi-vākya-śeṣa-bhūte iti na doṣaḥ

 

Viśvanātha


yasmād asādhu-sādhu-karmaṇām īśvaro na kārayitā, tasmād eva na tasya pāpa-puṇya-bhāgitvam ity āha nādatta iti | nādatte na gṛhṇāti | kintu tadīyā khalu yā śaktir avidyā saiva jīva-jñānam āvṛṇoti ity āha ajñānenāvidyayā | jñānaṃ jīvasya svābhāvikam | tena hetunā

 

Baladeva


nanu yadi viśuddhasya jīvasya tādṛśa-karma-kartṛtvādi nāstīti brūṣe, tarhi kautukākrāntaḥ paramātmā pradhānaṃ tad-gale nipātya tat-pariṇāma-dehendriyādi-matas tasya tad-racitavān ity āpadyate | yuktaṃ caitat | anyathā eṣa u hy eva sādhu karma kārayati taṃ yam ebhyo lokebhya unninīṣate | eṣa u evāsādhu karma kārayati taṃ yam adho ninīṣate iti śrutiḥ |

ajño jantur anīśo ‚yam ātmanaḥ sukha-duḥkhayoḥ |
īśvara-prerito gacchet svargaṃ vāśv abhram eva ca ||

iti smṛtiś ca vyākupyet | tathā ca pāpa-puṇya-mayīm avasthāṃ nayati | prayojake tasmin vaiṣamyādikaṃ pāpādi-bhāgitvaṃ ca syād iti cet tatrāha nādatta iti |

vibhur aparimita-vijñānānando ‚nanta-śakti-pūrṇaḥ svānandaika-rasikas tato ‚nyatrodāsīnaḥ paramātmānādi-pradhāna-vāsanā-nibandhaṃ bubhukṣuṃ sva-sannidhi-mātra-pariṇata-pradhāna-maya-dehādimantaṃ jīvaṃ tad-vāsanānusāreṇa karmāṇi kārayan kasyacij jīvasya pāpaṃ sukṛtaṃ ca nādatte na gṛhṇāti | evam uktaṃ śrī-vaiṣṇave –

yathā sannidhi-mātreṇa gandhaḥ kṣobhāya jāyate |
manaso nopakartṛtvāt tathāsau parameśvaraḥ ||
sannidhānād yathākāśa-kālādyāḥ kāraṇaṃ taroḥ |
tathaivāpariṇāmena viśvasya bhagavān hariḥ || [ViP 1.2.30-1] iti |

audāsīnya-mātre ‚yaṃ gandhādi-dṛṣṭānto na tv icchāyā abhāve tasyāḥ | so ‚kāmayata iti śrutatvāt | tarhi jīvās taṃ viṣamaṃ kuto vadanti, tatrāha ajñāneneti | anādi-tad-vaimukhyenājñānena jīvānāṃ nityam api jñānam āvṛtaṃ tirohitam | tena hetunā jantavo jīvā muhyanti | samam api taṃ vimūḍhā viṣamaṃ vadanti na vijñā ity arthaḥ | āha caivaṃ sūtrakāraḥ – vaiṣamya-nairghṛṇye na sāpekṣatvāt tathā hi darśayati [Vs 2.1.35], na karmāvibhāgād iti cen nānāditvāt [Vs 2.1.36] iti

 
 



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