BhG 1.17-18

kāśyaś ca parameṣv-āsaḥ śikhaṇḍī ca mahā-rathaḥ
dhṛṣṭadyumno virāṭaś ca sātyakiś cāparājitaḥ

drupado draupadeyāś ca sarvaśaḥ pṛthivīpate
saubhadraś ca mahā-bāhuḥ śaṅkhān dadhmuḥ pṛthak pṛthak

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syntax


he pṛthivīpate (O lord of the earth!),
parameṣv-āsaḥ kāśyaḥ ca (and great bowman the king of Kaśi), mahā-rathaḥ śikhaṇḍī ca (and great warrior Śikhandin), dhṛṣṭa-dyumnaḥ (Dhṛṣṭadyumna), virāṭaḥ ca (and Virāṭa), aparājitaḥ sātyakiḥ (invincible Sātyaki), drupadaḥ (Drupada), draupadeyāḥ ca (and sons of Drupada’s daughter), mahā-bāhuḥ saubhadraḥ ca (and powerful son of Subhadrā) sarvaśaḥ (altogether) pṛthak pṛthak (respective) śaṅkhān (conchshells) dadhmuḥ (they blew).

 

grammar

kāśyaḥ kāśya 1n.1 m.ruler of Kaśi (from: kāśī – Benares);
ca av.and;
parameṣvāsaḥ parama-iṣu-āsa 1n.1 m.; BV: yasya parama iṣvāso ‘sti saḥone who has the best bow (from: parama –  supreme, the highest, superlative of: para – beyond, ancient, final, the best, the supreme; iṣu-āsa – arrow-throwing, bow; from: iṣu – arrow; as – to throw, to hurl; āsa – thrower, bow);
śikhaṇḍī śikhaṇḍin 1n.1 m.crested one (from: śi – to sharpen, śikhā / śikhaṇḍa – tuft of hair on the crown of head, peacock’s tail);
ca av.and;
mahā-rathaḥ mahā-ratha 1n.1 m.; BV: yasya ratho mahān asti saḥwho has a great chariot (from: mah – to magnify, mahant – great; ratha – chariot);
dhṛṣṭa-dyumnaḥ dhṛṣṭa-dyumna 1n.1 m.; bold power (from: dhṛṣ – to be courageous, proud, PP dhṛṣṭa – bold; div – to shine, dyu – day, heaven, brightness, dyumna – power, majesty, enthusiasm);
virāṭaḥ virāṭa 1n.1 m.reigning (from: vi-rāj – to shine, to reign);
ca av.and;
sātyakiḥ sātyaki 1n.1 m.whose nature is truth (from: satya – truth);
ca av.and;
aparā-jitaḥ a-parā-jita (parā-ji – to be conquered) PP 1n.1 m.invincible;

******

drupadaḥ dru-pada 1n.1 m.pillar, column or a sudden step (from: dru – to run, to hasten; pada – foot);
draupadeyāḥ draupadeya 1n.3 m.sons of Drupada’s daughter (from: dru – to run, to hasten; pada – foot, dru-pada – pillar, column or a sudden step, draupadī – daughter of Drupada);
ca av.and;
sarvaśaḥ av.completely, entirely, altogether, on all sides (from: sarva sn. – all, whole);
pṛthivīpate pṛthivī-pati 8n.1 m.; TP: pṛthivyāḥ pata itiO lord of the earth (from: pṛth – to extend, pṛthu – broad, extensive, great, pṛthivī – earth; pati – husband, lord);
saubhadraḥ saubhadra 1n.1 m.son of Subhadrā (from: su – prefix: good, excellent, beautiful, virtuous; bhadra – auspiciousness);
ca av.and;
mahā-bāhuḥ mahā-bāhu 1n.1 m.; BV: yasya bāhū mahāntau staḥ saḥwho has mighty arms (from: mah – to magnify, mahant – great; baṁh – to grow, to increase, bāhu – the arm);
śaṅkhān śaṅkha 2n.3 m.conchshells;
dadhmuḥ dhmā (to blow) Perf. P 1v.3they blew;
pṛthak pṛthak av.separately, singly, one by one(from: pṛth – to extend, pṛthak – separately, one by one);

 

textual variants


parameṣvāsaḥ → parameṣvāsāḥ (the best bowmen);
mahā-rathaḥ → mahā-rathāḥ (great warriors);
drupado draupadeyāś ca sarvaśaḥ pṛthivīpate → pāṃcālaś ca maheṣvāso draupadeyāś ca paṃca ye (and great bowman, son of Pañcāla and the five of Draupadeyas);

 
 



Śāṃkara

no commentary up to the verse BhG 2.10

 

Rāmānuja

commentary under the verse BhG 1.19

 

Madhva

no commentary up to the verse BhG 2.11

 

Śrīdhara

tad eva vibhāgena darśayann āha pāñcajanyam iti | pāñcajanyādīni nāmāni śrī-kṛṣṇādi-śaṅkhānām | bhīmaḥ ghoraṃ karma yasya saḥ | vṛkavat udaraṃ yasya sa vṛkodaro mahā-śaṅkhaṃ pauṇḍraṃ dadhmāv iti | ananteti | nakulaḥ sughoṣaṃ nāma śaṅkhaṃ dadhmau | sahadevo maṇipuṣpakaṃ nāma | kāśyaś ceti | kāśyaḥ kāśirājaḥ | kathambhūtaḥ | paramaḥ śreṣṭhaḥ iṣvāso dhanur yasya saḥ | drupada iti | he pṛthivīpate dhṛtarāṣṭra

 

Viśvanātha

pāñcajanyādayaḥ śaṅkhādīnāṃ nāmāni | aparājitaḥ kenāpi parājetum aśakyatvāt | athavā cāpena dhanuṣā rājitaḥ pradīptaḥ

 

Baladeva

pāñcajanyam ity ādi pāñcajanyādayaḥ kṛṣṇādi-śaṅkhānām āhvayāḥ | atra hṛṣīkeśa-śabdena parameśvara-sahāyitvam | pāñcajanyādi-śabdaiḥ prasiddhāhvayāneka-divya-śaṅkhavattvam | rājā bhīmakarmā dhanañjaya ity ebhir yudhiṣṭhirādīnāṃ rāja-sūya-yājitva-hiḍimbādi-nihantṛtva-digvijayāhṛtānanta-dhanatvāni ca vyajya pāṇḍava-senā-sūtkarṣaḥ sūcyate | para-senāsu tad-abhāvād apakarṣaś ca | kāśya iti | kāśyaḥ kāśirājaḥ | parameṣvāsaḥ mahā-dhurdharaḥ | cāparājito dhanuṣā dīptaḥ | drupada iti | pṛthivīpate he dhṛtarāṣṭreti tava durmantraṇodayaḥ kula-kṣaya-lakṣaṇo ‚ narthaḥ samāsata iti sūcyate

 
 



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