BhG 5.2

śrī-bhagavān uvāca
saṃnyāsaḥ karma-yogaś ca niḥśreyasa-karāv ubhau
tayos tu karma-saṃnyāsāt karma-yogo viśiṣyate

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syntax


śrī-bhagavān (the glorious Lord) uvāca (he spoke):
sannyāsaḥ (renunciation) karma-yogaḥ ca (and yoga of activity) ubhau (both) niḥśreyasa-karau (making for the highest good) [staḥ] (they are).
tayoḥ tu (but of these two) [madhye] (among) karma-sannyāsāt (than renunciation of activity) karma-yogaḥ (yoga of activity) viśiṣyate (it is the best).

 

grammar

śrī-bhagavān śrī-bhagavant 1n.1 m.; TP: śriyā yukto bhagavān itithe Lord united with majesty (from: śrī – lustre, majesty, fortune; bhaj – to share, to love, to rejoice, to worship, bhaga – a share, good fortune, opulence; -mant / -vant – suffix denoting one who possesses, bhagavant – who possesses opulence);
uvāca vac (to speak) Perf. P 1v.1he spoke;
saṁnyāsaḥ saṁnyāsa 1n.1 m. laying aside, resignation, renunciation (from: sam-ni-as – to lay aside, to renounce, to give up);
karma-yogaḥ karma-yoga 1n.1 m.; TP: karmaṇo yoga iti yoga of activity (from: kṛ – to do, karman – activity and its result; yuj – to yoke, to join, to engage, yoga – yoga, yoking, application, a means, one of the schools of Hindu philosophy);
ca av.and;
niḥśreyasa-karau niḥśreyasa-kara 1n.2 m.; TP: niḥśreyasasya karāv itithat makes perfection (from: śreyas better, higher, perfect, the auspiciousness, the welfare; comparative of: śrī – śreyas, śreṣṭha, niḥ-śreyasa – having no better, excellent, faith, liberation; kṛ – to do, kara – a a doer, cause);
ubhau ubha sn. 1n.2 m.both;
tayoḥ tat sn. 6n.2 m.of these two;
tu av.but, then, or, and;
karma-saṁnyāsāt karma-saṁnyāsa 5n.1 m.; TP: karmaṇaḥ saṁnyāsād iti than renouncing activity (from: kṛ – to do, karman – activity and its result; sam-ni-as – to lay aside, to renounce, to give up, saṁnyāsa laying aside, resignation, renunciation);
karma-yogaḥ karma-yoga 1n.1 m.; TP: karmaṇo yoga iti yoga of activity (from: kṛ – to do, karman – activity and its result; yuj – to yoke, to join, to engage, yoga – yoga, yoking, application, a means, one of the schools of Hindu philosophy);
viśiṣyate vi-śiṣ (to distinguish) Praes. pass. 1v.1it is distinguished, the best;

 

textual variants


niḥśreyasa-karāvniśreyasa-karāv;
viśiṣyate → viśāṃ pate (O lord of people!);

 
 



Śāṃkara


svābhiprāyam ācakṣāṇo nirṇayāya śrī-bhagavān uvāca—

saṃnyāsaḥ karmaṇāṃ parityāgaḥ karma-yogaś ca teṣām anuṣṭhānaṃ tāv ubhāv api niḥśreyasa-karau mokṣaṃ kurvāte jñānotpatti-hetutvena | ubhau yadyapi niḥśreyasa-karau, tathāpi tayos tu niḥśreyasa-hetvoḥ karma-saṃnyāsāt kevalāt karma-yogo viśiṣyata iti karma-yogaṃ stauti

 

Rāmānuja


saṃnyāsaḥ jñānayogaḥ, karmayogaś ca jñānayogaśaktasyāpy ubhau nirapekṣau niśśreyasakarau / tayos tu karmasaṃnyāsāj jñānayogāt karmayoga eva viśiṣyate

 

Śrīdhara


atrottaraṃ śrī-bhagavān uvāca saṃnyāsa iti | ayaṃ bhāvaḥ – na hi vedānta-vedyātma-tattvajñaṃ prati karma-yogam ahaṃ bravīmi | yataḥ pūrvoktena saṃnyāsena virodhaḥ syāt | api tu dehātmābhimāninaṃ tvāṃ bandhu-vadhādi-nimitta-śoka-mohādi-kṛtam enaṃ saṃśayaṃ dehātma-viveka-jñānāsinā chittvā paramātma-jñānopāya-bhūtaṃ karma-yogam ātiṣṭheti bravīmi | karma-yogena śuddha-cittasyātma-tattva-jñāne jāte sati tat-paripākārthaṃ jñāna-niṣṭhāṅgatvena saṃnyāsaḥ pūrvam uktaḥ | evaṃ saty aṅga-pradhānayor vikalpa-yogāt saṃnyāsaḥ karma-yogaś cety etāv ubhāv api bhūmikā-bhedena samuccitāv eva niḥśreyasaṃ sādhayataḥ | tathāpi tu tayor madhye tu karma-saṃnyāsāt sakāśāt karma-yogo viśiṣṭo bhavatīti

 

Madhusūdana


evam arjunasya praśne tad-uttaram śrī-bhagavān uvāca saṃnyāsa iti | niḥśreyasa-karau jñānotpatti-hetutvena mokṣopayoginau | tayos tu karma-saṃnyāsād anadhikāri-kṛtāt karma-yogo viśiṣyate śreyān adhikāra-sampādakatvena

 

Viśvanātha


karma-yogo viśiṣyata iti jñāninaḥ karma-karaṇe na ko ‚pi doṣaḥ | pratyuta niṣkāma-karmaṇā citta-śuddhi-dārḍhyāj jñāna-dārḍhyam eva syāt | saṃnyāsinas tu kadācit citta-vaiguṇye sati tad-upaśamanārthaṃ kiṃ karma niṣiddham ? jñānābhyāsa-pratibandhakaṃ tu citta-vaiguṇyam eva | viṣaya-grahaṇe tu vāntāśitvam eva syād iti bhāvaḥ

 

Baladeva


evaṃ pṛṣṭo śrī-bhagavān uvāca saṃnyāsa iti | niḥśreyasa-karau mukti-hetū | karma-saṃnyāsāj jñāna-yogād viśiṣyate śreṣṭho bhavati | ayaṃ bhāvaḥ – na khalu labdha-jñānasyāpi karma-yogo doṣāvahaḥ | kintu jñāna-garbhatvāj jñāna-dārḍhya-kṛd eva | jñāna-niṣṭhatayā karma-sannyāsinas tu citta-doṣe sati tad-doṣa-vināśāya karmānuṣṭheyaṃ pratiṣedhaka-śāstrāt | karma-tyāga-vākyāni tv ātmani ratau satyāṃ karmāṇi taṃ svayaṃ tjayantīty āhuḥ | tasmāt sukaratvād apramādatvāj jñāna-garbhatvāc ca karma-yogaḥ śreyān iti

 
 



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