BhG 4.34

syntax

[tvam] (you) praṇipātena (by bowing down) paripraśnena (by asking questions) sevayā (by serving) tat (that) viddhi (you must know),
tattva-darśinaḥ (those who know the truth) jñāninaḥ (the wise) te (to you) jñānam (knowledge) upadekṣyanti (they will explain).

grammar

tat	–	tat sn. 2n.1 n. – that;
viddhi	–	√vid (to know, to understand) Imperat. P 2v.1 – you must know;
praṇipātena	–	pra-ṇi-pāta (pra-ni-√pat – to bow down at the feet) PP 3n.1 m. – by falling down before the feet, by bowing down;
paripraśnena	–	pari-praśna 3n.1 m. – by asking (from: pari-√prach – to ask);
sevayā	–	sevā 3n.1 f. – by serving (√sev – to serve);
upadekṣyanti	–	upa-√diś (to instruct, to explain) Fut. P 1v.3 – they will instruct, they will explain;
te	–	yuṣmat sn. 4n.1 – to you (shortened form of: tubhyam);
jñānam	–	jñāna 2n.1 n. – knowledge, wisdom (from: √jñā – to know, to understand);
jñāninaḥ	–	jñānin 1n.3 m. – the wise persons (from: √jñā – to know, to understand);
tattva-darśinaḥ	–	tattva-darśin 1n.3 m.; TP: tattvaṁ darśina iti – those who see the truth (from: tat – that, abst. tat-tva – truth, reality; √dṛś – to see, darśa – view, appearance, darśin – one who sees, seer);

Śāṃkara

tad etad viśiṣṭāṃ jñānaṃ tarhi kena prāpyata ity ucyate —-

tat viddhi vijānīhi yena vidhinā prāpyate iti | ācāryān abhigamya, praṇipātena prakarṣeṇa nīcaiḥ patanaṃ praṇipāto dīrgha-namaskāras tena | kathaṃ bandhaḥ ? kathaṃ mokṣaḥ ? kā vidyā ? kā cāvidyā ? iti paripraśnena, sevayā guru-śuśrūṣayā evam ādinā | praśrayeṇāvarjitā ācāryā upadekṣyanti kathayiṣyanti te jñānaṃ yathokta-viśeṣaṇaṃ jñāninaḥ | jñānavanto’pi kecid yathāvat tattva-darśana-śīlāḥ, apare na | ato viśinaṣṭi tattva-darśina iti | ye samyag-darśinas tair upadiṣṭaṃ jñānaṃ kārya-kṣamaṃ bhavati | netarad iti bhagavato matam

Rāmānuja

tad atmaviṣayaṃ jñānaṃ „avināśi tu tad viddhi” ityārabhya „eṣā te ‚bhihitā” ityantena mayopadiṣṭam, „tadyuktakarmaṇi vartamānatvaṃ vipākānuguṇaṃ kāle kāle praṇipātaparipraśnasevādibhir viśadākāraṃ jñānibhyo viddhi / sākṣātkṛtātmasvarūpās tu jñāninaḥ praṇipātādibhyas sevitāḥ jñānabubhutsayā paritaḥ pṛcchatas tavāśayam ālakṣya jñānam upadekṣyanti

Śrīdhara

evambhūtātma-jñāne sādhanam āha tad iti | tad taj jñānaṃ viddhi jānīhi prāpnuhīty arthaḥ | jñānināṃ praṇipātena daṇḍavan-namaskāreṇa | tataḥ paripraśnena | kuto ‚yaṃ me saṃsāraḥ ? kathaṃ vā nivarteta ? iti paripraśnena | sevayā guru-śuśrūṣayā ca | jñāninaḥ śāstrajñāḥ | tattva-darśino ‚parokṣānubhava-sampannāś ca | te tubhyaṃ jñānam upadeśena sampādayiṣyanti

Madhusūdana

etādṛśa-jñāna-prāptau ko ‚tipratyāsanna upāya ity ucyate tad viddhīti | tat-sarva-karma-phala-bhūtaṃ jñānaṃ viddhi labhasva ācāryānabhigamya teṣāṃ praṇipātena prakarṣeṇa nīcaiḥ patanaṃ praṇipāto dīrgha-namaskāras tena ko ‚haṃ kathaṃ baddho ‚smi kenopāyena mucyeyam ity ādi paripraśnena bahu-viṣayeṇa praśnena | sevayā sarva-bhāvena tad-anukūla-kāritayā | evaṃ bhakti-śraddhātiśaya-pūrvakeṇāvanati-viśeṣeṇābhimukhāḥ santa upadekṣyanty upadeśena sampādayiṣyanti te tubhyaṃ jñānaṃ paramātma-viṣayaṃ sākṣān mokṣa-phalaṃ jñāninaḥ pada-vākya-nyāyādimāna-nipuṇās tattva-darśinaḥ kṛta-sākṣātkārāḥ | sākṣātkāravadbhir upadiṣṭam eva jñānaṃ phala-paryavasāyi na tu tad-rahitaiḥ pada-vākya-nyāyādimāna-nipuṇair apīti bhagavato matam | tad vijñānārthaṃ sa gurum evābhigacchet samit-pāṇiḥ śrotriyaṃ brahma-niṣṭham iti śruti-saṃvādi | tatrāpi śrotriyam adhīta-vedaṃ brahma-niṣṭhaṃ kṛta-brahma-sākṣātkāram iti vyākhyānāt | bahu-vacanaṃ cedam ācārya-viṣayam ekasminn api gauravātiśayārthaṃ na tu bahutva-vivakṣayā | ekasmād eva tattva-sākṣātkāravata ācāryāt tattva-jñānodaye satyācāryāntara-gamanasya tad-artham ayogād iti draṣṭavyam

Viśvanātha

taj-jñāna-prāptaye prakāram āha tad iti | praṇipātena jñānopadeṣṭari gurau daṇḍavan-namaskāreṇa | bhagavan ! kuto ‚yaṃ me saṃsāraḥ ? kathaṃ nivartiṣyate ? iti paripraśnena ca | sevayā tat-paricaryayā ca | tad vijñānārthaṃ sa gurum evābhigacchet samit-pāṇiḥ śrotriyaṃ brahma-niṣṭham iti śruteḥ

Baladeva

evaṃ jīva-svarūpa-jñānaṃ tat-sādhanaṃ ca sāṅgam upadiśya para-svarūpopāsana-jñānam upadśan sat-prasaṅga-labhyatvaṃ tasyāha tad iti | yad arthaṃ tad ubhayaṃ mayā tavopadiṣṭaṃ avināśi tu tad viddhi [Gītā 2.17] ity ādinā tat parātma-sambandhi-jñānaṃ praṇipātādibhiḥ prasāditebhyo jñānibhyaḥ sadbhyas tvam avagata-sva-svarūpo viddhi prāpnuhi | tatra praṇipāto daṇḍavat-praṇatiḥ | sevā bhṛtyavat teṣāṃ paricaryā | paripraśnaḥ tat-svarūpa-tad-guṇa-tad-vibhūti-viṣayako vividhaḥ praśnaḥ|

nanūdāsīnās te na vakṣyantīti cet tatrāha upeti | te jñānino ‚dhigata-svarūpātmānaḥ praṇipātādinā taj-jijñāsutām ālakṣya te tubhyaṃ tādṛśāya tat-sambandhi jñānam upadekṣyanti tattva-darśinas taj-jñāna-pracārakāḥ kāruṇikā iti yāvat |

nanv atra tad iti jīva-jñānaṃ vācyaṃ prakṛtatvād iti cen, na | na tv evāhaṃ jātu nāsaṃ [Gītā 2.12], yukta āsīta mat-paraḥ [Gītā 2.61], ajo ‚pi sann avyayātmā [Gītā 4.6] ity ādinā parātmano ‚py aprākṛtatvāt | evam āha sūtrakāraḥ – anyārthaś ca parāmarśaḥ [Vs. 1.3.20] iti | anyathā śruti-sūtrārtha-saṃvādino ‚grimasya jñāna-mahimno virodhaḥ syād uktam eva suṣṭhu