BhG 4.38

na hi jñānena sadṛśaṃ pavitram iha vidyate
tat svayaṃ yoga-saṃsiddhaḥ kālenātmani vindati

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syntax


iha (here) jñānena (to knowledge) sadṛśam (similar) pavitram (purifying agent) na hi vidyate (surely there is not).
kālena (by time) yoga-saṁsiddhaḥ (one perfected in yoga) tat (that) ātmani (in the self) svayam (on his own) vindati (he finds).

 

grammar

na av.not;
hi av.because, just, indeed, surely;
jñānena jñāna 3n.1 n.as knowledge, as wisdom (from: jñā – to know, to understand);
sadṛśam sa-dṛśa 1n.1 n.similar to (from: sa = sama – as prefix: the same; dṛś – to see; requires instrumental, genitive or locative);
pavitram pavitra 1n.1 n. – means of purification, purity (from: – to purify);
iha av.here (often meaning: in this world);
vidyate vid (to be) Praes. Ā 1v.1it is;
or from: vid (to find) Praes. pass. 1v.1it is found;
or from: vid (to know, to understand) Praes. pass. 1v.1it is understood;
tat tat sn. 2n.1 n.that;
svayam av.personally, on one’s own;
yoga-saṁsiddhaḥ yoga-saṁsiddha 1n.1 m.; yoge saṁsiddha itione perfected in yoga (from: yuj – to yoke, to join, to engage, yoga – yoga, yoking, application, a means, one of the schools of Hindu philosophy; sam-sidh – to succeed, to become perfect, PP saṁsiddha – accomplished, perfectl, ready for – requires genitive; skilled in – requires locative);
kālena kāla 3n.1 m.by time;
ātmani ātman 7n.1 m.in the self;
vindati vid (to find) Praes. P 1v.1 he obtains, he finds;

 

textual variants


jñānena sadṛśaṁ → sa-jñāna-sadṛśaṁ (something similar to knowledge);
yoga-saṁsiddhaḥ → yoga-saṁsiddhaṁ / yoga-saṁsiddhiḥ (perfection in yoga / one who got perfection in yoga);
vindati → viṁdate (he finds);

 
 



Śāṃkara


yataḥ evam ataḥ—-

na hi jñānena sadṛśaṃ tulyaṃ pavitraṃ pāvanaṃ śuddhi-karam iha vidyate | taj jñānaṃ svayam eva yoga-saṃsiddho yogena karma-yogena samādhi-yogena ca saṃsiddhaḥ saṃskṛto yogyatām āpannaḥ san mumukṣuḥ kālena mahatā ātmani vindati labhate ity arthaḥ

 

Rāmānuja


yasmād ātmajñānena sadṛśaṃ pavitraṃ śuddhikaram iha jagati vastvantaraṃ na vidyate, tasmād ātmajñānaṃ sarvapāpaṃ nāśayatītyarthaḥ / tat tathāvidhaṃ jñānaṃ yathopadeśam aharaharanuṣṭhīyamānajñānākārakarmayogasaṃsiddhaḥ kālena svātmani svayam eva labhate

 

Śrīdhara


tatra hetum āha na hīti | pavitraṃ śuddhi-karam | iha tapo-yogādiṣu madhye jñāna-tulyaṃ nāsty eva | tarhi sarve ‚pi kim ity ātma-jñānam eva nābhyasanta iti ? ata āha tat svayam iti sārdhena | tad ātmani viṣaye jñānaṃ kālena mahatā karma-yogena saṃsiddho yogyatāṃ prāptaḥ san svayam evānāyāsena labhate | na tu karma-yogaṃ vinety arthaḥ

 

Madhusūdana


yasmād evaṃ tasmāt na hīti | na hi jñānena sadṛśaṃ pavitram pāvanaṃ śuddhi-karam anyad iha vede loka-vyavahāre vā vidyate, jñāna-bhinnasya ajñānānivartakatvena samūla-pāpa-nivartakatvābhāvāt kāraṇa-sad-bhāvena punaḥ pāpodayāc ca | jñānena tv ajñāna-nivṛttyā samūla-pāpa-nivṛttir iti tat-samam anyac ca vidyate|

tad ātma-viṣayaṃ jñānaṃ sarveṣāṃ kim iti jhaṭiti notpadyate ? tatrāha taj jñānaṃ kālena mahatā yoga-saṃsiddho yogena pūrvokta-karma-yogena saṃsiddhaḥ saṃskṛto yogyatām āpannaḥ svayam ātmany antaḥ-karaṇe vindati labhate na tu yogayatām āpanno ‚nya-dattaṃ sva-niṣṭhatayā na vā para-niṣṭhaṃ svīyatayā vindatīty arthaḥ

 

Viśvanātha


iha tapo-yogādi-yukteṣu madhye jñānena sadṛśaṃ pavitraṃ kim api nāsti | taj jñānaṃ na sarva-sulabham | kintu yogena niṣkāma-karma-yogena samyak siddha eva, na tv aparipakvaḥ | so ‚pi kālenaiva, na tu sadyaḥ | ātmani svasmin svayaṃ prāptaṃ vindati | na tu sannyāsa-grahaṇa-mātreṇaiveti bhāvaḥ

 

Baladeva


na hīti | hi yato jñānena sadṛśaṃ pavitraṃ śuddhi-karaṃ tapas tīrthāṭanādikaṃ nāsti | atas tat sarva-pāpa-nāśakaṃ taj jñānaṃ na sarva-sulabhaṃ, kintu yogena niṣkāma-karmaṇā saṃsiddhaḥ paripakva eva kālenaiva, na tu sadyaḥ | ātmani svasmin svayaṃ labdhaṃ vindati | na tu pārivrājya-grahaṇa-mātreṇeti

 
 



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